Question 1

The structures present in the hay infusions used in experiments on spontaneous generation that made them difficult to sterilize are

Accepted Answer

A)   chloroplasts.
B)   endospores.
C)   organelles.
D)   toxins.
E)   nuclei.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

The outbreak of measles within the last few years is due to

Accepted Answer

A)   mutation of the measles virus.
B)   change in the environment.
C)   a decline in vaccination of children in the previous years.
D)   increase in sensitivity of detection techniques.
E)   emergence of novel measles viruses.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 3

You explain to Sandy that her body carries an enormous population of microorganisms, collectively called the normal microbiota. You tell her that this population has a vital role in maintaining her health. Select the FALSE statement regarding the role of the normal microbiota.

Accepted Answer

A)   Normal microbiota prevent disease by competing with pathogenic microbes.
B)   Normal microbiota help to degrade foods that the body otherwise could not digest.
C)   Normal microbiota synthesize vitamins that the body cannot produce.
D)   Normal microbiota produce insulin for controlling blood sugar levels.
E)   Normal microbiota likely affects the tendency to lose or gain weight.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 4

An illness outbreak occurs in New York City birds in the late 1990s. After a lengthy scientific investigation, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)  determine that the agent causing the birds to die is the West Nile virus. Outbreaks of this illness have been observed in several other countries in Asia and the Middle East across the last 50 years, but not in the United States. With this information, what would be the best categorization of this infectious agent/disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   This is a reemerging infection. It is been around for a long time, and it is reappearing in a susceptible population again.
B)   This is a nosocomial (hospital-acquired)  infection. It is transmitted from animals to human beings in urban environments.
C)   This is an emerging infection. It hasn't been around that long, and it has made a jump across continents into a new susceptible population.
D)   This is an unimportant infection that not a concern to human beings because it occurs in birds, so there is no need to classify it.
E)   This is a chronic infection. It has been around for many years, and it has made a jump across continents into a new susceptible population.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

Archaea are very similar to bacteria and have rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Microorganisms are involved in all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   production of medicinal products.
B)   converting oxygen to a form useful to plants.
C)   food production.
D)   pollution cleanup.
E)   converting nitrogen to a form useful to plants.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

Digestive tract microbiome plays no role in maintaining a person's health.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

You are concerned that Sandy may have a C. difficile infection. When normal microbiota is disturbed, organisms such as C. difficile may thrive. What caused the disturbance in Sandy's normal microbiota in this case?

Accepted Answer

A)   The bacteria causing Sandy's urinary tract infection.
B)   The antibiotics Sandy was taking to treat her UTI.
C)   Sandy's presence in the hospital.
D)   Sandy's watery diarrhea.
E)   Dehydration caused by Sandy's watery diarrhea.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 9

Bioremediation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   rehabilitating wayward bacteria.
B)   using bacteria to clean up pollutants.
C)   development of new vaccines.
D)   monitoring newly discovered disease organisms.
E)   destroying organisms causing emerging infectious diseases.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Lyme disease is an example of a disease that is due to

Accepted Answer

A)   increased interaction between humans and tick-carrying animals.
B)   failure to effectively vaccinate children.
C)   a mutation in the human genome.
D)   climate change leading to a significantly greater mosquito population.
E)   an increase in the number of people travelling to Asia and Africa.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Scientists recently cloned Louis Pasteur and put him back to work in a modern lab. He promptly developed a topical gel (used externally)  that breaks down proteins. Since he hasn't been around for some time, he's unsure what the best application for his invention might be. Help him out. What pathogenic agent would this gel be most effective and safe at eliminating?

Accepted Answer

A)   Viroids on the surface of agricultural plant tissues.
B)   Prions inside the central nervous system of cows.
C)   Viruses on the surface of the skin.
D)   Bacteria in the intestines of human beings.
E)   The fungus that causes infections under people's toenails.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

What conclusion can the scientist in this scenario make from her results?

Accepted Answer

A)   The test bacteria take more than 48 hours to grow in the laboratory when incubated at 37oC.
B)   All contaminated water contains high levels of lead and other heavy metals.
C)   The amounts of lead used in the experiment killed the bacteria being tested.
D)   All experiments should be repeated three times or more.
E)   Lead-contaminated water does not contain any bacteria at all.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

The scientist usually considered the first to see microorganisms, which he called "animalcules," was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   Redi
B)   van Leeuwenhoek
C)   Pasteur
D)   TyndallE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Viruses, viroids, and prions are obligate intracellular agents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Bacteria are present on the body

Accepted Answer

A)   only during disease-causing infections.
B)   at all times.
C)   only in certain areas.
D)   only after intense exercise.
E)   only after using public transport.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 16

Which of the statements regarding smallpox is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Smallpox has been eliminated as a naturally occurring infection in human beings.
B)   Smallpox still occasionally occurs in developing countries.
C)   Smallpox outbreaks sometimes occur in chimpanzee populations.
D)   Smallpox has been eliminated by effective vaccination.
E)   Smallpox has been eliminated as a naturally occurring infection in human beings, AND has been eliminated by effective vaccination.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

All of the statements regarding archaea are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   they contain peptidoglycan as part of their cell walls.
B)   they reproduce by binary fission.
C)   they contain rigid cell walls.
D)   they are found as single cells.
E)   they often grow in extreme environments.F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Viruses may only be grown

Accepted Answer

A)   in sterile growth media.
B)   in living cells.
C)   at body temperature.
D)   in darkness.
E)   in liquid broths.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Viruses

Accepted Answer

A)   are obligate intracellular parasites.
B)   are single-celled organisms.
C)   consist of only proteins.
D)   are in the domain Archaea.
E)   consist only of DNA or RNA.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

Viruses are in the domain(s)

Accepted Answer

A)   viridae.
B)   eukarya.
C)   archaea AND bacteria.
D)   bacteria AND viridae.
E)   None of the answer choices is correct.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 1: Humans and the Microbial World

You are concerned that Sandy may have a C. difficile infection. When normal microbiota is disturbed, organisms such as C. difficile may thrive. What caused the disturbance in Sandy's normal microbiota in this case?

Correct Answer
verified

What conclusion can the scientist in this scenario make from her results?

Correct Answer
verified

You explain to Sandy that her body carries an enormous population of microorganisms, collectively called the normal microbiota. You tell her that this population has a vital role in maintaining her health. Select the FALSE statement regarding the role of the normal microbiota.

Correct Answer
verified

Viruses are in the domain(s)

Correct Answer
verified

The outbreak of measles within the last few years is due to

Correct Answer
verified

Viruses may only be grown

Correct Answer
verified

Viruses, viroids, and prions are obligate intracellular agents.

Correct Answer
verified

The structures present in the hay infusions used in experiments on spontaneous generation that made them difficult to sterilize are

Correct Answer
verified

Bacteria are present on the body

Correct Answer
verified

Digestive tract microbiome plays no role in maintaining a person's health.

Correct Answer
verified

Microorganisms are involved in all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Bioremediation refers to

Correct Answer
verified

Archaea are very similar to bacteria and have rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Lyme disease is an example of a disease that is due to

Correct Answer
verified

All of the statements regarding archaea are true EXCEPT

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Viruses

Correct Answer
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Which of the statements regarding smallpox is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

The scientist usually considered the first to see microorganisms, which he called "animalcules," was ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 1: Humans and the Microbial World

You are concerned that Sandy may have a C. difficile infection. When normal microbiota is disturbed, organisms such as C. difficile may thrive. What caused the disturbance in Sandy's normal microbiota in this case?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What conclusion can the scientist in this scenario make from her results?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You explain to Sandy that her body carries an enormous population of microorganisms, collectively called the normal microbiota. You tell her that this population has a vital role in maintaining her health. Select the FALSE statement regarding the role of the normal microbiota.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Viruses are in the domain(s)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The outbreak of measles within the last few years is due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Viruses may only be grown

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Viruses, viroids, and prions are obligate intracellular agents.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The structures present in the hay infusions used in experiments on spontaneous generation that made them difficult to sterilize are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria are present on the body

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Digestive tract microbiome plays no role in maintaining a person's health.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microorganisms are involved in all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bioremediation refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Archaea are very similar to bacteria and have rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lyme disease is an example of a disease that is due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the statements regarding archaea are true EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Viruses

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the statements regarding smallpox is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The scientist usually considered the first to see microorganisms, which he called "animalcules," was ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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