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Figure 13-9 The figure below depicts average total cost functions for a firm that produces automobiles. Figure 13-9 The figure below depicts average total cost functions for a firm that produces automobiles.   -Refer to Figure 13-9.At levels of output between M and N,the firm experiences A)  economies of scale. B)  diseconomies of scale. C)  constant returns to scale. D)  both the benefits of specialization and diminishing marginal productivity. -Refer to Figure 13-9.At levels of output between M and N,the firm experiences


A) economies of scale.
B) diseconomies of scale.
C) constant returns to scale.
D) both the benefits of specialization and diminishing marginal productivity.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Diseconomies of scale occur when a firm's


A) marginal costs are constant as output increases.
B) long-run average total costs are decreasing as output increases.
C) long-run average total costs are increasing as output increases.
D) marginal costs are equal to average total costs for all levels of output.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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When a firm is able to put idle equipment to use by hiring another worker,


A) variable costs will rise.
B) variable costs will fall.
C) fixed costs will fall.
D) both fixed costs and variable costs will rise.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Table 13-1 Table 13-1    -Refer to Table 13-1.What is total output when 5 workers are hired? A)  -10 B)  120 C)  160 D)  190 -Refer to Table 13-1.What is total output when 5 workers are hired?


A) -10
B) 120
C) 160
D) 190

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Figure 13-3 Figure 13-3   -Refer to Figure 13-3.The graph illustrates a typical A)  total-cost curve. B)  production function. C)  production possibilities frontier. D)  fixed-cost curve. -Refer to Figure 13-3.The graph illustrates a typical


A) total-cost curve.
B) production function.
C) production possibilities frontier.
D) fixed-cost curve.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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For a firm,the relationship between the quantity of inputs and quantity of output is called the


A) profit function.
B) production function.
C) total-cost function.
D) quantity function.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following expressions is correct?


A) marginal cost = (change in quantity of output) /(change in total cost)
B) average total cost = (total cost) /(quantity of output)
C) total cost = variable cost + marginal cost
D) average variable cost = (quantity of output) /(total variable cost)

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Table 13-7 The Flying Elvis Copter Rides Table 13-7 The Flying Elvis Copter Rides    -Refer to Table 13-7.What is the value of D? A)  $25 B)  $50 C)  $100 D)  $200 -Refer to Table 13-7.What is the value of D?


A) $25
B) $50
C) $100
D) $200

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Table 13-8 Table 13-8    -Refer to Table 13-8.What is the marginal cost of producing the fifth unit of output? A)  $4 B)  $40 C)  $50 D)  $70 -Refer to Table 13-8.What is the marginal cost of producing the fifth unit of output?


A) $4
B) $40
C) $50
D) $70

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Assume Jack received all As in his classes last semester.If Jack gets all Bs in his classes this semester,his GPA may or may not fall.

A) True
B) False

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Table 13-1 Table 13-1    -Refer to Table 13-1.The average total cost of producing 240 units is A)  $0.13. B)  $0.19. C)  $0.32. D)  $0.80. -Refer to Table 13-1.The average total cost of producing 240 units is


A) $0.13.
B) $0.19.
C) $0.32.
D) $0.80.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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At what level of output will average variable cost equal average total cost?


A) when marginal cost equals average total cost
B) for all levels of output in which average variable cost is falling
C) when marginal cost equals average variable cost
D) There is no level of output where this occurs,as long as fixed costs are positive.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Daphne sells 300 glasses of lemonade at $0.50 each.Her total costs are $125.Her profits are


A) $25.
B) $124.50.
C) $125.
D) $150.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Zach has decided to start his own photography studio.To purchase the necessary equipment,Zach withdrew $10,000 from his savings account,which was earning 3% interest,and borrowed an additional $5,000 from the bank at an interest rate of 8%.What is Zach's annual opportunity cost of the financial capital that has been invested in the business?


A) $300
B) $400
C) $700
D) $1,650

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Suppose that a firm has only one variable input,labor,and firm output is zero when labor is zero.When the firm hires 6 workers it produces 90 units of output.Fixed cost of production are $6 and the variable cost per unit of labor is $10.The marginal product of the seventh unit of labor is 4.Given this information,what is the total cost of production when the firm hires 7 workers?


A) $66
B) $76
C) $906
D) $946

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Gloria has decided to start her own snow removal business.To purchase the necessary equipment,Gloria withdrew $2,000 from her savings account,which was earning 3% interest,and borrowed an additional $4,000 from the bank at an interest rate of 7%.What is Gloria's annual opportunity cost of the financial capital that has been invested in the business?


A) $60
B) $280
C) $340
D) $660

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Figure 13-9 The figure below depicts average total cost functions for a firm that produces automobiles. Figure 13-9 The figure below depicts average total cost functions for a firm that produces automobiles.   -Refer to Figure 13-9.The firm experiences constant returns to scale at which output levels? A)  output levels less than M B)  output levels between M and N C)  output levels greater than N D)  All of the above are correct as long as the firm is operating in the long run. -Refer to Figure 13-9.The firm experiences constant returns to scale at which output levels?


A) output levels less than M
B) output levels between M and N
C) output levels greater than N
D) All of the above are correct as long as the firm is operating in the long run.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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A key difference between accountants and economists is their different treatment of the cost of capital.Does this cause an accountant's estimate of total costs to be higher or lower than an economist's estimate? Explain.

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An accountant would not include the forg...

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The marginal-cost curve intersects the average-total-cost curve at the minimum point of the average-total-cost curve.

A) True
B) False

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A firm produces 300 units of output at a total cost of $1,000.If fixed costs are $100,


A) average fixed cost is $10.
B) average variable cost is $3.
C) average total cost is $4.
D) average total cost is $5.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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