Question 1

The threshold level is the minimum dose that has no measurable effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is required to adequately quantify risk using a risk assessment? 1 Comparison groups must be formed to compare hazards.
2 Deaths caused by a hazard.
3 An environmental relationship to the risk must be established.
4 The long term impacts of hazard must be studied.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only
B)  2 only
C)  3 only
D)  4 only
E)  1 and 4F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 3

Define acute toxicity and explain how it is different from chronic toxicity? Use the example of pesticides to highlight the differences between the forms of toxicity.

Accepted Answer

Acute toxicity is the adverse effect tha...

Question 4

Pollutants that interfere with the normal functioning of hormones are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  radioisotopes
B)  synergists
C)  stimulants
D)  endocrine disruptersE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Which of the following controls the regulation of toxins in the environment in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  United States Department of Agriculture
B)  Environmental Protection Agency
C)  United States Fish and Wildlife Service
D)  Environmental Working GroupE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

What is the effect of pesticides like DDT on birds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pesticides like DDT bioaccumulate in the tissues and cause infertility in the females.
B)  DDT bioaccumulates and causes females to lay eggs with very thin shells that break during the incubation period killing the chicks.
C)  Birds like the bald eagle have the highest concentration of DDT because they are at the top of the food chain.
D)  b & cE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following statements about malaria is FALSE:

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a non-transmittable disease caused by synthetic chemicals.
B)  Road clearing in the Amazon has disrupted the natural environment and created habitat for the mosquito larvae to thrive.
C)  Mosquitoes do not cause malaria but are the agents of transmission of the disease.
D)  It is an infectious disease caused by a parasite.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Which of the following was the banning of hormone treated and GMO fed beef by the European Union based upon?

Accepted Answer

A)  EPA regulations.
B)  The Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants.
C)  Previous problems with toxicity of these chemicals.
D)  The precautionary principle.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Given the data in the accompanying table, which of the chemicals is the most toxic?

Accepted Answer

A)  nicotine
B)  heroin
C)  morphine
D)  caffeineE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following statements about dose-response curves is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A dose-response curve shows the effect of different doses of a toxicant on a population.
B)  Doses lower than the threshold level will have no measurable effect on organisms.
C)  The smaller the LD50, the more toxic the chemical.
D)  Studies of the dose-response curves of toxicants gives us assurance that for all chemicals there is a threshold level of the chemical so small amounts of chemical pollution pose no health risksE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Why are public water supplies monitored for fecal coliform bacteria despite the fact that most strains of E. coli do not cause disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli is the best indicator of sewage-contaminated water because it doesn't appear in the environment except from human and animal feces.
B)  The fecal coliform test is the least expensive, though not most accurate, way to test for sewage contamination.
C)  Contrary to what is generally accepted, E. Coli is in fact a deadly disease causing pathogen.
D)  E. Coli is the only bacteria in our water supply that we know how to test for.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

A carcinogen is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  type of microorganism associated with human sewage.
B)  cancer-causing chemical, radiation, or virus.
C)  vehicle that requires no gasoline to operate.
D)  phytochemical (a protective plant compound that promotes health) .E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following statements about carcinogens is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cancer was traditionally the main disease evaluated in the chemical risk assessment of environmental contaminants.
B)  In lab studies, rats and mice often respond differently to the same carcinogen.
C)  It is assumed that one can extrapolate from doses and cancer rates in rats to determine human cancer rates.
D)  No false statement, all of the above are trueE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Acute toxicity:

Accepted Answer

A)  is only caused by synthetic chemicals.
B)  is poorly understood by toxicologists.
C)  may mimic symptoms of chronic diseases.
D)  produces an effect within a short period of a single exposure.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

A dose-response curve shows:

Accepted Answer

A)  the dose of a given chemical that is lethal to 50% of the population.
B)  the dose of a given chemical that is lethal to 90% of the population.
C)  the correct dose to use in the treatment of illness.
D)  the effect of different doses on a population of test organisms.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

What is the precautionary principle? What are the advantages and potential challenges of such an approach? Identify one way in which this principle has created international controversy.

Accepted Answer

The precautionary principle is the polic...

Question 17

What are most of the POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention "Dirty Dozen" used for?

Accepted Answer

A)  insecticides
B)  fungicides
C)  herbicides
D)  industrial solventsE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." This statement is the heart of the

Accepted Answer

A)  remedial principle.
B)  exposure principle
C)  persistence principle.
D)  precautionary principle.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Risk:

Accepted Answer

A)  only applies to environmental impact on human health and welfare.
B)  is an assessment of the financial cost of environmental impact.
C)  is the probability that a given hypothesis will be proven true.
D)  is the probability of injury, disease, death, or environmental damage under a given set of circumstances.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

The most common method of determining whether a chemical causes cancer is to expose groups of laboratory animals, such as rats, to various large doses and count how many animals develop cancer at the different levels. All of the following are problems with this approach in terms of understanding the health risks to humans EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  This method is indirect and uncertain as human and rats are different organisms and may respond differently to exposure to the same chemical.
B)  For expediting the research process, in lab settings rats are exposed to massive doses of suspected carcinogens relative to body size whereas humans are usually exposed to much lower amounts.
C)  For ethical reasons, rats in lab settings are given very small doses of suspected carcinogens relative to body size whereas humans are usually exposed to much higher amounts
D)  Risk assessment assumes that we can extrapolate from studies in rats to determine the expected rates of cancer in humans but extrapolating from one species to another and from one dose level to another is uncertain and may overestimate or underestimate a toxicant's danger.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: Risk Analysis and Environmental Health Hazards

Which of the following statements about malaria is FALSE:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following was the banning of hormone treated and GMO fed beef by the European Union based upon?

Correct Answer
verified

A carcinogen is a:

Correct Answer
verified

Given the data in the accompanying table, which of the chemicals is the most toxic?

Correct Answer
verified

Acute toxicity:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about dose-response curves is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." This statement is the heart of the

Correct Answer
verified

What is the precautionary principle? What are the advantages and potential challenges of such an approach? Identify one way in which this principle has created international controversy.

Correct Answer
verified
The precautionary principle is the polic...
View Answer

Which of the following statements about carcinogens is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

Define acute toxicity and explain how it is different from chronic toxicity? Use the example of pesticides to highlight the differences between the forms of toxicity.

Correct Answer
verified
Acute toxicity is the adverse effect tha...
View Answer

What is the effect of pesticides like DDT on birds?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is required to adequately quantify risk using a risk assessment? 1 Comparison groups must be formed to compare hazards. 2 Deaths caused by a hazard. 3 An environmental relationship to the risk must be established. 4 The long term impacts of hazard must be studied.

Correct Answer
verified

Pollutants that interfere with the normal functioning of hormones are called:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The threshold level is the minimum dose that has no measurable effect.

Correct Answer
verified

Risk:

Correct Answer
verified

What are most of the POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention "Dirty Dozen" used for?

Correct Answer
verified

Why are public water supplies monitored for fecal coliform bacteria despite the fact that most strains of E. coli do not cause disease?

Correct Answer
verified

A dose-response curve shows:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following controls the regulation of toxins in the environment in the United States?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Risk Analysis and Environmental Health Hazards

Which of the following statements about malaria is FALSE:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was the banning of hormone treated and GMO fed beef by the European Union based upon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A carcinogen is a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given the data in the accompanying table, which of the chemicals is the most toxic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acute toxicity:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about dose-response curves is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." This statement is the heart of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the precautionary principle? What are the advantages and potential challenges of such an approach? Identify one way in which this principle has created international controversy.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe precautionary principle is the polic...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements about carcinogens is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define acute toxicity and explain how it is different from chronic toxicity? Use the example of pesticides to highlight the differences between the forms of toxicity.

Correct AnswerverifiedAcute toxicity is the adverse effect tha...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the effect of pesticides like DDT on birds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is required to adequately quantify risk using a risk assessment? 1 Comparison groups must be formed to compare hazards. 2 Deaths caused by a hazard. 3 An environmental relationship to the risk must be established. 4 The long term impacts of hazard must be studied.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pollutants that interfere with the normal functioning of hormones are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The threshold level is the minimum dose that has no measurable effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Risk:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are most of the POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention "Dirty Dozen" used for?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are public water supplies monitored for fecal coliform bacteria despite the fact that most strains of E. coli do not cause disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A dose-response curve shows:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following controls the regulation of toxins in the environment in the United States?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
The precautionary principle is the polic...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Acute toxicity is the adverse effect tha...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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