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Cronbach's alpha and the Kuder-Richardson Formula 21 are both measures of internal consistency among questionnaire items.

A) True
B) False

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When authors are invited to ___________________ their manuscript to the same journal, they need to prepare two documents, an edited version of the manuscript, and one responding to every comment made by a reviewer.

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A technical editor who cleans up the grammar and spelling in a manuscript would be eligible for authorship of a research paper.

A) True
B) False

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The most common way to report results for a cross-sectional survey is simply to report which of the following?


A) Incidence rate
B) Prevalence rate
C) Morbidity rate
D) Mortality rate

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Correlational studies that explore an environmental exposure, such as distance from the equator or level of air pollution, may be called ______________________.

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Which of the following is the first step for a prospective cohort study that will recruit participants based on exposure status?


A) Identify two accessible source populations
B) Select a source population
C) Identify a source of existing records that can provide baseline data of adequate quality
D) Identify an existing source of data

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Narrative reviews are becoming less common as editors and reviewers push for the use of systematic methods.

A) True
B) False

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Research studies, including members of which population, require extra consideration of the potential risks of research to participants?


A) Convenience population
B) Vulnerable population
C) Source population
D) Target population

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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A study goal often includes the specific exposure, disease, and population that will be the focus of the study.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is a row-by-column table that displays the counts of how often various combinations of events happen?


A) Contingency table
B) Two-by-two table
C) One-way table
D) Manifold table

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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When the exposure histories for a pair are ____________________, they provide an indication about whether the exposure is likely to be risky or protective.

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Using circles and arrows to visibly group related topics to clarify connections, then considering which of those broad areas might be worth exploring is a process known as which of the following?


A) Brainstorming
B) Snowballing
C) Concept mapping
D) Flow charting

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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_____________________ selected for a conference are usually printed in a bulletin that attendees use to decide which sessions to attend and which posters to seek out.

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Most exposures and outcomes used in correlational studies are in the form of which of the following?


A) Personal-level data
B) Population-level data
C) Regional-level data
D) Global-level data

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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Subheadings such as Objective, Methods, Results, and Conclusion are used in association with which type of abstract?


A) Critical abstract
B) Informative abstract
C) Structured abstract
D) Unstructured abstract

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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When designing a research study, the first critical decision is whether to collect new data from individuals, use existing data, or write a review article.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Bioinformatics typically focuses on analysis of patient or population level data.

A) True
B) False

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The obvious advantage of primary analyses is that a researcher may be able to move rather quickly from the definition of the study question to the analysis of related data.

A) True
B) False

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The results of regression models can be used as part of qualitative considerations of causality derived from the Bradford Hill criteria and other more recent adaptations.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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The internal due dates set by the research team will need to be stringent and inflexible in order for the study to be analyzed and completed in a timely fashion.

A) True
B) False

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