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The idiosyncratic hypothesis suggests that:


A) Ecosystem function changes unpredictably as the number of species increases or decreases.
B) Ecosystem function decreases as the number of species decreases.
C) Ecosystem function changes in a predictable,but non-linear manner with a change in species number.
D) Ecosystem function is independent of the number of species.
E) Ecosystem function decreases as the number of species increases.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

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The United States contains at least one biodiversity hot spot.

A) True
B) False

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The probable extinction of the ivory-billed woodpecker was mainly driven by


A) direct exploitation.
B) introduced species.
C) habitat destruction.
D) climate change.
E) genetic drift.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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In a population of 2400 long horn sheep,400 males and 750 females breed each season.What percentage of the actual population is the effective population size?


A) ~48%
B) ~43%
C) ~27%
D) ~65%
E) ~17%

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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In the northeastern Pacific ocean,sea otters occur at a relatively low abundance.By preying upon sea urchins,sea otters maintain underwater kelp (large algae) "forests",which would otherwise be decimated by the herbivorous sea urchins.The kelp forests supply food for a wide variety of marine organisms,as well as providing refuge from predation and nursery habitat for juveniles.Based on this,what type of species best describes sea otters?


A) indicator species.
B) flagship species.
C) keystone species.
D) dominant species.
E) umbrella species.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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