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Scenario 11-2 Consider the following goods: -fire-protection services provided by a fire department -a beautiful mural on the outside wall of a fire station -a firefighter's helmet -Refer to Scenario 11-2. Which of these goods is the best example of a public good? Briefly explain.

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The beautiful mural is the bes...

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The U.S. military defends Jacob from foreign attackers. The fact that Jacob enjoys this protection does not detract from others Americans' enjoyment of it. For this reason, we say that national defense is


A) excludable.
B) not excludable.
C) rival in consumption.
D) not rival in consumption.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The town of Isle is on a small island connected to Big City by a single bridge. Most of the residents of Isle work in Big City. As a result, the bridge becomes very congested for 2 hours each day at the typical morning and evening commute times. Which of the following policies considered by the mayor of Isle would likely be most effective in alleviating the congestion?


A) A fixed toll for the bridge payable by every vehicle crossing the bridge at all days and times.
B) A variable toll for the bridge payable only by vehicles crossing the bridge during the congested commute times.
C) Any vehicle crossing the bridge at any time must have a sticker paid for with a one-time fee of $25.
D) A press conference in which the mayor requests that people try to cross the bridge earlier or later than the typical commute times.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Someone who uses a good without paying for it is called a ?

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Market failure associated with the free-rider problem is a result of


A) a problem associated with pollution.
B) benefits that accrue to those who don't pay.
C) losses that accrue to providers of the product.
D) market power.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The parable called the Tragedy of the Commons applies to goods such as


A) fire protection and cable TV.
B) tornado sirens and basic research.
C) clean air and clean water.
D) antipoverty programs and national defense.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Government agencies, such as the National Science Foundation, subsidize basic research because in the absence of a subsidy too little research would be conducted.

A) True
B) False

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If a road is congested, then use of that road by an additional person would lead to a


A) negative externality.
B) positive externality.
C) Pigovian externality.
D) free-rider problem with rush hour drivers stuck in traffic.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Table 11-2 Consider a small town with only three families, the Greene family, the Brown family, and the Black family. The town does not currently have any streetlights so it is very dark at night. The three families are considering putting in streetlights on Main Street and are trying to determine how many lights to install. The table below shows each family's willingness to pay for each streetlight. Table 11-2 Consider a small town with only three families, the Greene family, the Brown family, and the Black family. The town does not currently have any streetlights so it is very dark at night. The three families are considering putting in streetlights on Main Street and are trying to determine how many lights to install. The table below shows each family's willingness to pay for each streetlight.   -Refer to Table 11-2. Suppose the cost to install each streetlight is $360 and the families have agreed to split the cost of the streetlights equally. If the families vote to determine the number of streetlights to install, basing their decision solely on their own willingness to pay (and trying to maximize their own surplus) , what is the greatest number of streetlights for which the majority of families would vote  yes?  A)  1 streetlight B)  2 streetlights C)  3 streetlights D)  4 streetlights -Refer to Table 11-2. Suppose the cost to install each streetlight is $360 and the families have agreed to split the cost of the streetlights equally. If the families vote to determine the number of streetlights to install, basing their decision solely on their own willingness to pay (and trying to maximize their own surplus) , what is the greatest number of streetlights for which the majority of families would vote "yes?"


A) 1 streetlight
B) 2 streetlights
C) 3 streetlights
D) 4 streetlights

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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You and your friends eat potato chips in your bedroom. For you and your friends, the potato chips are rival in consumption.

A) True
B) False

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Scenario 11-3 Consider the following goods: -a fish fillet served at a restaurant -fish in the ocean -exotic fish in a huge aquarium in a privately-owned building -Refer to Scenario 11-3. Which of these goods is the best example of a common resource? Briefly explain.

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Fish in the ocean is the best ...

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It should not be surprising if the public sector fails to pay for the right amount or right kinds of basic research because


A) basic research is not a public good.
B) the benefits of basic research are hard to measure.
C) members of Congress usually have little expertise in science.
D) Both b and c are correct.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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The national defense of the United States is not excludable because


A) my enjoyment of the national defense does not diminish your enjoyment of the national defense of the United States.
B) my enjoyment of the national defense does diminish your enjoyment of the national defense of the United States.
C) once the nation is defended, it is impossible to prevent any single person from enjoying the benefit of this defense.
D) once the nation is defended, it is possible to prevent any single person from enjoying the benefit of this defense.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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A variable toll on a road in Washington reached a high during the evening rush hour of $5.75. This toll bought the drivers who paid it a 27 minute time savings. Which of the following is correct?


A) For some consumers, the toll was less than the opportunity cost of the time they would have spent in traffic.
B) For some consumers, the toll was more than the opportunity cost of the time they would have spent in traffic.
C) No consumers would find this toll worth the time saved in traffic.
D) Both a and b are correct.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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For most goods in an economy, the primary signal that guides the decisions of buyers and sellers is


A) advertising.
B) quality.
C) reputation.
D) price.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Drivers have to pay a toll to drive on certain roads. In essence, a toll is a corrective tax on the externality of __________.

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Suppose that a small county is considering adding a guard rail to a dangerous curve by a river. The guard rail will cost $70,000. The average damage done to vehicles that slide off the road at the curve is $10,000. It is expected that the guard rail will prevent 5 vehicles from sliding off the road during its usable life. What should the county do?


A) Install the guard rail because safety is priceless.
B) Install the guard rail because the benefits exceed the costs.
C) Do not install the guard rail because the costs exceed the benefits.
D) Do not install the guard rail at any cost because drivers can purchase private insurance for their vehicles.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Advocates of antipoverty programs claim that fighting poverty is a public good.

A) True
B) False

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When one person enjoys the benefit of a tornado siren, she reduces the benefit to others.

A) True
B) False

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Markets fail to allocate resources efficiently when


A) demanders and suppliers cannot agree on a price.
B) goods are rival in consumption and excludable.
C) property rights are not well established.
D) too many buyers and sellers exist in the same market.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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