Question 1

For which of the following is vitamin B12 NOT essential?

Accepted Answer

A)  division of mature red blood cells
B)  conversion of homocysteine to methionine
C)  DNA methylation
D)  maintenance of myelin and normal nerve transmissionE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Where are the majority of vitamins are absorbed?

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth.
B)  stomach.
C)  small intestine.
D)  large intestine.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Which statement best describes the reactions involving vitamin B6 that,along with folate and vitamin B12,keep levels of homocysteine in the blood low?

Accepted Answer

A)  The conversion of homocysteine to cysteine and the conversion of folate to methyl folate
B)  The conversion of homocysteine to cysteine and the conversion of methyl folate to folate
C)  The conversion of homocysteine to methionine and the conversion of folate to methyl folate
D)  The conversion of homocysteine to cysteine and the conversion of vitamin B12 to methyl B12.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

What is a possible risk of arising from the fortification of foods in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A)  While trying to benefit one group through fortification another segment of the population might be put at risk.
B)  The population might be at risk of goitre due to the addition of iodine to salt.
C)  Adding vitamins to certain foods can increase nutrient intakes.
D)  Adding vitamins to foods can help prevent deficiencies. .E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

What is the relationship between niacin and protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Niacin can be synthesized from an amino acid.
B)  Niacin is required to synthesize several essential amino acids in the body.
C)  Niacin reduces the absorption of protein.
D)  Niacin is needed to synthesize tryptophan.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following terms is used to describe how much of a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption
B)  assimilation
C)  bioavailability
D)  functionalityE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

High intake of folate is cause for which of the following concerns?

Accepted Answer

A)  High levels may increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease
B)  High levels may cause other vitamin deficiencies because folate competes for absorption sites.
C)  High levels may mask a B12 deficiency,giving rise to permanent nerve damage.
D)  High levels may cause acne.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

What is a common reason for taking high dose niacin supplements,even when dietary intake is adequate?

Accepted Answer

A)  to prevent pellegra
B)  to provide an essential energy boost.
C)  to decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol.
D)  to protect against skin disordersE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which is the most reasonable claim that can be made for vitamin B6 supplements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduces pain from carpal tunnel syndrome
B)  Prevent premenstrual syndrome
C)  Stimulates the immune system
D)  Relieves vitamin B6 deficiencyE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

"This molecule when consumed in excess is readily excreted in the urine.On the other hand,when the diet is deficient in this molecule it will rapidly disappear from the body." What is being described?

Accepted Answer

A)  A fat-soluble vitamin that is metabolized by the liver.
B)  A water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in adipose tissue.
C)  A water-soluble vitamin that cannot be readily stored in the body.
D)  A fat-soluble vitamin that is degraded during normal metabolism.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Which is NOT an appropriate use of supplements?

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of vitamin B12 supplements by vegans
B)  the use of a multivitamin by someone on a calorie-restricted diet
C)  the use of vitamin C by someone with a healthy immune system
D)  the use of folic acid supplements by a woman who might become pregnantE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey,which water-soluble vitamin vitaminhas the highest prevalence of inadequate intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  folate in women
B)  niacin in women
C)  vitamin C in smokers
D)  thiamin in menE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

How does vitamin C protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin C donates electrons to a reactive oxygen species like the superoxide molecule.The superoxide molecule is neutralized and,at the same time,dehydroascorbic acid is converted to ascorbic acid.
B)  Vitamin C removes electrons from a reactive oxygen species like the superoxide molecule.This reaction neutralizes the superoxide molecule and,at the same time,ascorbic acid is converted to dehydroascorbic acid.
C)  Vitamin C donates electrons to a reactive oxygen species like the superoxide molecule.The superoxide molecule is neutralized and,at the same time,ascorbic acid is converted to dehydroascorbic acid.
D)  Vitamin C does not react with the superoxide molecule.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

For which group is taking vitamin B12 supplements the LEAST beneficial?

Accepted Answer

A)  people eating diets high in animal products
B)  older adults with significantly reduced stomach acid
C)  people who do not consume any animal products
D)  breastfed infants whose mothers are vegansE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

An elevation in homocysteine has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.In clinical studies,which vitamins have been shown to decrease levels of homocysteine in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin A,vitamin E,and vitamin C
B)  riboflavin,vitamin A,and folate
C)  vitamin B6,folate,and vitamin B12
D)  pantothenic acid,riboflavin,and biotinE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Which statement best describes the difference between folate and folic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  folate is almost twice as bioavailable as folic acid
B)  folate is the monoglutamate form of folic acid and is more stable and bioavailable.
C)  folate is the polyglutamate form of folic acid and is more bioavailable.
D)  folate is the polyglutamate form and is less bioavailable than folic acid.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 17

What are the implications of a decline in the activity of a riboflavin-dependent enzyme in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inadequate intake of riboflavin
B)  Riboflavin intake exceeding the UL
C)  High levels of riboflavin in the urine
D)  High levels of ATP productionE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Historically,pellagra occurred when populations consumed large amounts of which grain?

Accepted Answer

A)  corn,not treated with limewater
B)  corn,treated with lime water
C)  rice,treated with lime water
D)  barley,not treated with lime waterE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

Which is an example of how vitamins function together?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thiamin,niacin,riboflavin in single carbon metabolism.
B)  Vitamin B6,folate and vitamin B12 in single carbon metabolism
C)  Vitamin C & vitamin E as coenzymes in the citric acid cycle.
D)  Thiamin and vitamin C as dietary antioxidants.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Which accurately describes the effect of riboflavin supplementation?

Accepted Answer

A)  it enhances energy production
B)  it can reduce the inadequate intakes of riboflavin which is common among Canadians
C)  It enhances vision.
D)  It does not provide an energy boost.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 8: A: the Water-Soluble Vitamins

How does vitamin C protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"This molecule when consumed in excess is readily excreted in the urine.On the other hand,when the diet is deficient in this molecule it will rapidly disappear from the body." What is being described?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which accurately describes the effect of riboflavin supplementation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For which group is taking vitamin B12 supplements the LEAST beneficial?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a possible risk of arising from the fortification of foods in Canada?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT an appropriate use of supplements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement best describes the difference between folate and folic acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Historically,pellagra occurred when populations consumed large amounts of which grain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement best describes the reactions involving vitamin B6 that,along with folate and vitamin B12,keep levels of homocysteine in the blood low?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a common reason for taking high dose niacin supplements,even when dietary intake is adequate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For which of the following is vitamin B12 NOT essential?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the relationship between niacin and protein?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey,which water-soluble vitamin vitaminhas the highest prevalence of inadequate intake?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the implications of a decline in the activity of a riboflavin-dependent enzyme in red blood cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is an example of how vitamins function together?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the most reasonable claim that can be made for vitamin B6 supplements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following terms is used to describe how much of a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are the majority of vitamins are absorbed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

High intake of folate is cause for which of the following concerns?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An elevation in homocysteine has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.In clinical studies,which vitamins have been shown to decrease levels of homocysteine in the blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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For which group is taking vitamin B₁₂ supplements the LEAST beneficial?

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For which of the following is vitamin B₁₂ NOT essential?

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